The Dog Daily: Total Health

Protect Your Dog This Summer

• Heat exhaustion
  Signs of overheating include heavy panting, hyperventilation, increased salivation, weakness, confusion and even vomiting or diarrhea. If your dog exhibits any of these, get it into a cool space as quickly as possible and gently hose off your pet with lukewarm water.

• GI problems
  Dogs that swim in ponds often ingest water infested with parasites. You can’t stop your pet from drinking, but you can watch it in the days that follow for signs of stomach upset, like vomiting or a stool change.

• Lyme disease
  A dog that gets bitten by a tick in the summer may not start to exhibit symptoms until fall. Symptoms can include fever, loss of appetite, pain, arthritis, lethargy, depression and enlargement of the lymph nodes. Investigate the risk of ticks in your area before letting your dog run free, and scan its body for ticks after being in a woodsy area.

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

How Cat Food Is Made and Tested

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

How Dog Food Is Made and Tested

1. Formula development
   Dog food formulas have their beginnings with research teams that include nutritionists, behaviorists and veterinarians, says Dicke. During this stage, raw ingredients are evaluated for functional qualities, nutrient availability and digestibility.



2. Product and process development
   Many factors can affect formulas for dog food, such as cooking temperature, cooking duration and even the order in which ingredients are added, says Dicke. Dog food makers will produce small sample quantities of test formulas in their laboratories and make adjustments to find the best combination of production efficiency, production capability and nutritional enhancement for every formula.



3. Analysis
   An expert team of chemists, biologists, microbiologists and lab technicians evaluates the test dog food formula for proper levels of nutrients.



4. Palatability testing
   “Even the most nutritious pet food is worthless if the dog or cat won’t eat it,” says Dicke. During this stage, dog food formulas are tested by dog taste-testers. Instead of primarily relying on pets in a research setting, some pet food makers now recruit dogs for palatability testing in their own home environment.



5. Digestibility testing
   Researchers don’t stop after determining which dog food is more palatable to dogs. They also test to understand how much of the nutrients in the food are absorbed by the body. “This tells us how well the formula’s nutrients are retained and how well they contribute toward the health and well-being of the pet,” says Dicke.

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Cats Are Inspiring New Supercomputers

The Dog Daily: Total Health

New Surgery Repairs Dog Knees

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

Prebiotics Support Your Cat’s Inner Strength

• Kittens and adolescent cats with still-developing immune systems



• Cats with certain chronic medical conditions that could also use the extra boost
• Pregnant female cats



• Older cats that sometimes suffer from decreased immune system function

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Are Tick and Flea Control Products Safe?

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Improve Cat Veterinary Office Visits

• Make the cat carrier a home. Familiarize your cat with its carrier. The key is for the carrier to become a part of your cat’s everyday life. “Make it a comfortable resting, feeding or play location,” advises Dr. Jane Brunt, executive director of the CATalyst Council, which works to raise the level of care cats receive.

• Be relaxed. Your cat knows when you’re upset. “If you’re anxious, your cat will be anxious,” says Dr. Deb Givin, a Portland, Maine, veterinarian. Try to schedule visits when you aren’t stressed or on a tight schedule.

• Train your cat to travel. Mix in outings to other locations and try a “social” visit to your veterinarian’s office, where your cat is rewarded with a treat or two. Start by placing your cat in its carrier in the vehicle, then turn on the motor briefly before returning your kitty to the house. Add short trips around the block, then to the veterinarian’s parking lot, and finally to the reception area before scheduling a formal visit.

• Make your cat feel safe. Allow your kitty to stay in its carrier in the waiting area, facing away from other animals. If your veterinarian doesn’t have a separate entrance or waiting area for cats, ask to be placed in an exam room as soon as possible, says Dr. Annie Harvilicz, founder and chief medical officer for Santa Monica, Calif.-based Animal Wellness Centers.

• Provide comfort in the exam room. Remove the lid to your latching carrier and let your veterinarian examine your cat while it is still sitting in the bottom of the carrier. If you need to place your kitty on an exam table, lay that extra towel on the table to make a more comfortable surface.

• Office noise Their offices should be neither libraries nor stadiums, with no whispering, which mimics hissing, or loud noises.

• Proper greetings “It’s a good idea to formally greet the cat and let the cat get to know you,” says Krieger. That might mean letting a cat sniff your fingers as the animal health care expert averts his or her gaze.

• Careful handling Gentle, respectful handling is important to a cat’s sense of security. “Have several techniques for getting cats out of their carriers so you can accommodate any carrier style and cat temperament,” says Givin.

• Bribery Tasty treats, catnip and play may help distract or reward a cat.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Support Your Puppy’s Growth

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Are Tick and Flea Control Products Safe?

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Prebiotics Support Your Dog’s Inner Strength

• Day 1 and 2: Feed approximately one-fourth of new food mixed with three-fourths of current food.



• Days 2 and 3: Mix half of old food with half of new food.



• Days 4 to 6: Give your dog three-fourths of the new prebiotics-containing food and one-fourth of its former chow.



• Day 7: Begin feeding your dog 100 percent of the new product.

• Weaned puppies with developing immune systems



• Dogs with certain chronic medical conditions



• Pregnant females



• Older dogs that may suffer from decreased immune system function

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Famous Fathers and Their Cats

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Dog Cancer Survivors

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Calm the Fears of Your Scaredy-Cat

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Why All Proteins Aren’t the Same

• Do feed your normal-weight dog a commercial food that contains high-quality protein like chicken, chicken meal or chicken byproduct meal.
• Do consult your veterinarian about the special dietary needs of your pet at all life stages.
• Don’t feed your dog table scraps. Your pet’s protein needs should be satisfied during mealtime. Any extras may lead to stomach problems and weight gain.
• Don’t give your dog protein supplements (unless your veterinarian recommends them).

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

The ‘Animal Nanny’ Cat Sitter Cares for Lonely Cats

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Dog Food Ingredients: The 4 Essential Groups

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Drug Recalls Put Spotlight on Cat Anesthesia Safety

• Ask about anesthetics. Most veterinarians use a “recipe” or “cocktail” of drugs that work well in anesthesia. For example, ketamine is particularly valuable in the pain management of cats, says Dewhirst. Make sure your veterinarian is aware of any recalls, and ask about the mixture of drugs. Be wary of inexpensive clinics offering discounted cleanings and spaying and neutering, cautions Nelson. These clinics might simply inject your cat with an anesthetic rather than using a mixture of injectable and gas anesthetics, which works better.



• Pay for the blood work. Pre-anesthetic blood work is not just a way for your veterinarian to pad the bill. “The biggest risk with cats is if they have underlying medical problems. A lot of times we can’t know that just by looking at the animal,” says Dewhirst. Blood work and perhaps a urinalysis give us a lot of information about what’s going on inside a cat metabolically and with its organs. Some clinics allow you to opt out of blood work before a young cat undergoes anesthesia, but if you do, you’ll be taking a risk, warns Dewhirst.



• Ask about monitoring equipment. Your veterinarian should be able to watch your kitty’s blood pressure, heart rate, heart rhythms, oxygen levels and respiratory rate. “Things happen all the time under anesthesia, but because we monitor it so closely, we’re able to offset it,” says Nelson. Ask if your cat will have a tube down its mouth to secure the airway.



• Opt for pain management. Many practices will allow you to choose whether to pay for post-procedure pain medication. Make sure pain relief is provided as your kitty wakes up, advises Dewhirst.



• Know about post-procedure monitoring. Monitoring should continue after the procedure, until your cat is alert, says Dewhirst. Ask your veterinarian what you should expect as your cat recovers from both the procedure and the anesthesia.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Active Lives of Disabled Dogs

• Gidget the cocker spaniel Gidget’s missing front right leg didn’t stop Joanne Kaufmann and her husband from bringing the puppy home two years ago. Someone had tossed Gidget down a flight of stairs, injuring the pup’s leg so badly that it had to be amputated. “We still haven’t told her she only has three legs, and I’m not sure that she has figured it out yet,” says Kaufmann. “We do make accommodations to make her life easier. Her food bowls are raised, and she has a wheelchair she uses for walks.”
  
  Gidget keeps up at the local dog park by playing smart. She will anticipate other dogs’ moves and “cut them off at the pass,” explains Kaufmann. The irrepressible Cocker Spaniel even digs for clams on beach vacations, despite having just one front leg.



• Maurice the Maltese When Yvonne Kleine’s dog, Maurice, was 12 years old, a degenerative neurological disorder and a failed surgery left the dog without the use of a rear leg. Maurice also lost his vision yet thrived to the ripe old age of 18, says Kleine. Maurice used a wheelchair for disabled dogs. “He would actually race around to the point where we called him Hot Wheels,” says Kleine. “His blindness was not a handicap as far as we could tell. We kept the furniture in the same places, and he navigated perfectly. I truly believe that having the freedom and mobility that the wheelchair afforded him contributed to his happiness and long life, in spite of his handicap.”



• Garcia the English sheepdog It wasn’t a traumatic injury, but rather aging that slowed Maryglenn McCombs’ beloved Garcia. The 10-year-old, 125-pound English sheepdog suffers from such severe arthritis that he could barely move several months ago, says McCombs. Garcia’s veterinarian recommended underwater therapy. Garcia’s walks on the underwater treadmill at a canine rehabilitation center in Nashville, Tenn., have changed his quality of life, says McCombs. “His progress has been nothing short of incredible. Garcia is now able to take daily walks that sometimes last up to an hour,” she says.

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Celebrate ‘Be Kind to Animals Week’

• Update your Twitter or Facebook status. Spread the word and tell your friends about Be Kind to Animals Week. Recommends the Humane Association for your status: “So many animals. So many ways to be kind. Celebrate Be Kind to Animals Week, May 2-8.”



• Become an armchair activist. Register for action alerts on the ASPCA or Humane Association Web sites. When issues impacting animals come up, you’ll receive emails allowing you to sign petitions, donate money or even volunteer your time for the cause. “If you know what’s going on with animals in your community, you can reach out to your local representative or help in other ways,” emphasizes Black.



• Teach your children well. When kids grow up understanding the worth of the lives of all animals, they are likely to take those values into adulthood and pass them on to their own children. Set up an outdoor bird feeder for birds in the winter. Encourage your children to take responsibility for some aspect of your household pet’s care.



• Take good care of your pet. Make time during Be Kind to Animals Week to ensure that your cat’s vaccinations are up to date, that your cat is wearing the correct identification and that it’s spayed or neutered. Or just spend some extra time playing with your pet.



• Adopt an animal. Around four million pets are euthanized each year because they don’t have a home. Shelters and rescues have the perfect pet for your family -- from purebreds to mixed breeds. “Make sure to do your research about the level of care your pet will need before you bring it home,” advises Black. “Choose the right pet or breed for your lifestyle.”

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Stretching Techniques for Dogs

1. It may help to improve overall fitness Foster says stretching your dog helps maintain joint function. One reason is because stretching produces a muscle signaling molecule called nitric oxide, according to studies on animals conducted by University of Michigan researchers Nicole Lockhart and Susan Brooks. When this molecule is present, blood flow tends to increase, inflammation is kept in better check, and force is decreased during certain muscle contractions, all of which can aid joints and support limb function.



2. Stretching may prevent tendonitis Stretching can also prevent soft-tissue injuries like tendonitis, which Labradors and working dogs are particularly susceptible to sustaining.



3. Stretching may reduce back pain Stretching can be used to manage back pain that occurs when muscles in the lower back become tight, Foster says.



4. Stretching can alleviates arthritis Stretching can additionally decrease the achiness and stiffness often experienced by middle-aged to older dogs, and can even minimize the pain of arthritis. “Arthritis occurs when the bones are rubbing against each other in the joint,” explains Foster. “If the muscles are nice and long, the joint is less compressed.”

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

The Reasoning for Indoor Cats

• Window perches To simulate outdoor lounging, place a perch or cat bed at the base of a window that receives ample sunlight.



• Cat toys To mimic your cat’s tendency to run after leaves or mice, make available a few wand toys or windup toys, which your cat can chase.



• Cat tree Rather than let your cat get stuck in a real tree, provide a nice floor-to-ceiling cat tree for danger-free climbing.



• Outdoor enclosures There are many styles of special outdoor “cat runs” that you can find by searching online. Never leave your cat in an outdoor enclosure unattended, since it can tear its way through if your cat is aggressive.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Healthy Hiking With Your Dog

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Erase Your Cat’s Carbon Footprint

• Cat litter “Clay going to a landfill is terribly detrimental for the environment,” says Dr. Nicholas Dodman, a veterinarian, director of the Tufts Animal Behavior Clinic and author of The Cat Who Cried for Help. The next time you go to the supermarket, consider buying a litter that’s made from natural or recycled materials.



• Cat bedding Check the tags to make sure your cat’s bedding consists of natural, organic cotton or hemp. “Hemp is durable and natural -- it basically lasts forever,” says Dodman.



• Cat carriers Carriers made from materials like recycled plastic are better for the planet and your cat. Advises Tse: “Petmate makes a kennel that is made from 25 percent recycled materials.” Other manufacturers offer carriers made out of hemp and even recycled water bottles.



• Cat toys It’s easy and fun to make your own cat toys. For example, try making the following toys out of a toilet paper roll:
  
  1.  “Put treats inside it, close its sides with sticky tape, poke a few holes and toss it to your cat,” suggests Dodman. “You just used what was going to be waste.”
  
  2.  “Press it flat and cut it into 1/4-inch rings. Pop the rings back into shape and toss into the air for your cat to catch,” offers Tse.



• Cat treats Eco-friendly bites are the most delectable for your cat. Look for organic catnip -- or better yet, grow your own. Visit OnlyNaturalPet.com or you local pet store for a Grow Your Own Catnip Plant kit.



• Cleaners If you clean your home with a variety of chemical-based products, it’s time to rethink your cleaning methods. Harsh chemicals are bad for the environment and are a turnoff to your cat. They can also be disastrous for its health. “Over time, our pets develop a much higher concentration of toxic chemicals in their systems than humans do,” says Tse. “Since [your cat] spends so much time grooming itself, it may ingest the chemicals.”For a toxin-free home environment, try enzyme-based products. “Enzymes are biomolecules that digest the organic odor-causing substances found in cat urine,” explains Tse. Dodman has an even simpler solution: “There is nothing you need to clean in a house that you can’t clean with vinegar and baking soda.”

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Weight Control Dog Foods Evaluated

• Step 1: Approach weight loss in a holistic manner. Often, this means starting with a change in habits.



• Step 2: Accurately measure the food, and if you are giving any treats or biscuits, consider the calories added to your pet’s daily intake.



• Step 3: If possible, feed the daily food allotment in multiple small meals throughout the day.



• Step 4: Increase daily exercise.



• Step 5: Any human interaction or attention tends to increase activity. If you show interest in your dog and what it’s doing, chances are, your dog will be more energetic and engaged.

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Pet Identification: The Best Care for Your Cat

• Pros: Microchipping is one of the favored forms of pet identification by veterinarians. It’s relatively inexpensive, ranging from $30 to $40. "For all practical purposes, it’s permanent," explains Dr. Bonnie Beaver, a veterinarian and past president of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) who now teaches at Texas A&M University.



• Cons: The information is not visible to a neighbor or other person who finds your cat. Identification can only be made with a scanner.




• Risks: Endorsed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2007, no conclusive health risks have been associated with microchipping, says Beaver. The AVMA says studies of four million chipped pets found less than 400 adverse reactions, the most common of which was that the chip moved from its original site. Studies suggesting a link between microchips and cancer in rats and mice have largely been discounted by the AVMA, given the differences in chip sizes and species.

• Pros: "We think external collars and tags save more lives and prompt more returns than anything else," says Snyder. "Anyone who finds a cat with a collar or tag can affect a return by calling the number on the tag."



• Cons: Collars can be removed, either deliberately or by accident. Tags can also get detached.



• Risks: Collars can get caught on branches or brush outdoors, and on furnishings indoors. This can lead to strangulation or other injuries. Beaver recommends a breakaway collar, which is designed to break or open if pulled with a little force.

• Pros: This is another permanent method of ID. It’s seen easily, without a scanner.



• Cons: People aren’t accustomed to look for tattoo IDs. If they find one, says Beaver, they may not know what the number stands for or where it was issued.



• Risks: Applying a tattoo can be painful, and it’s usually done under anesthesia. Short-term bleeding or scabbing may occur.

• Pros: Ear notching provides a visual way for animal control to determine which cats have been neutered so they don’t have to round them up.



• Cons: This is not a good ID method to trace a pet’s ownership, because it doesn’t list the owners’ information.



• Risks: The procedure can cause temporary pain and blood loss.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Support Your Dog’s Dental Health

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

An Inside Look at Cat Grooming

• Protection against predators Cats instinctively clean away food and additional odor-causing agents so they will not be detected by potentially threatening animals.



• Cooling down Cats sweat a little from their paws, but they mostly rely on saliva evaporation on their fur to maintain normal body temperature. Grooming controls around one-third of a cat’s cooling process.



• Fur maintenance and warmth By licking itself, a cat helps distribute its natural oils evenly around its coat. This oil guards against dampness and seals in heat.



• Nail care Grooming helps your cat to sharpen and maintain its claws.



• Self-medicating Cat saliva is thought to contain enzymes that turn it into a natural antibiotic. If your cat licks a wound, it may be guarding against infection. Always see your veterinarian if your cat sustains an injury.  



• Relaxation Cats take comfort in the ritual of self-cleaning.



• Stimulation of blood flow Similar to how a hairbrush promotes blood flow on the scalp, your cat’s tongue -- which is covered in tiny, bristle-like hairs -- improves circulation.



• Friendship Familiar cats will groom each other as a sign of affection. Think of it as a kitty kiss, since it involves saliva exchange and mutual trust.

• Shine and a soft, lush texture



• Little dander



• No black specks, which can be a sign of fleas



• No bald patches



• Not a lot of dead undercoat, since your cat normally removes it

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Seven Indicators of Dog Food Quality

1. A shiny coat and healthy skin If your dog has a dull, dry and brittle coat with flaking skin, diet could be to blame, says Dr. Bart Iaia, DVM, who practices in Renton, Wash. Look for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in dog food, says Dr. Iaia. Your pet needs these essential fats. Flaky skin could be a sign of a zinc deficiency, a problem with home-cooked diets.

2. A healthy digestive system Poop is more than the stuff you, ever the responsible dog owner, scoop on a regular basis. Poop matters, say Dr. Iaia and Dr. Laird Goodman, DVM, a Beaverton, Ore., veterinarian who is on the board of directors for the Oregon Veterinary Medical Association. “You want good stools -- firm, but not dry, and not loose,” advises Dr. Goodman. Note how often your dog poops as well, says Dr. Iaia. If your dog poops more than twice a day, that’s an indication your pal’s food might not contain enough protein in forms it can use. You can be reassured if your dog’s food has “complete and balanced” on the label.

3. A resilient immune system Vitamin E and antioxidants will help your dog stave off illness, building its immune system, says Dr. Iaia. Veterinary research has found that a diet rich in antioxidants, such as beta-carotene, improves immune system responses. This is particularly important as your dog ages, since a dog’s ability to fight illnesses weakens as it grows older.

4. Strong bones and joints Calcium and vitamin D make for strong bones in your dog, just as they do for you. Dog owners who simply feed their dog meat, rather than a well-balanced commercial food, run the risk of their pet suffering soft bones, resulting in fractures, experts say. A well-balanced dog food will include all such essential nutrients.

5. Healthy teeth and gums Your dog’s teeth should be strong and white, with healthy, pink gums covering the roots. If you notice a reddening of the gums, a buildup of tartar on the teeth or bad breath, it can indicate dental problems, says Dr. Iaia. Some dry foods and dog treats are designed to slow the progress of dental disease, so look for products that specifically mention dental care or tartar-fighting properties.
   
6. Strong muscles Hourglass figures aren’t just for movie stars. Your dog should maintain good muscle tone, with an hourglass shape when viewed from above, says Dr. Saker. “Obese dogs have lost the tucked up appearance just after the ribcage, when viewed from the side,” she says. You should be able to feel your dog’s ribs but not see them. If your dog is eating a lot but looks too thin, you’re probably not feeding a high-quality dog food, says Dr. Iaia.
   
7. A healthy heart A well-balanced, complete dog food will include protein, calcium, amino acids, fatty acids, potassium and sodium to promote heart health. Your veterinarian can evaluate your dog’s heart health through regular checkups, and if needed, blood work.

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

Why Your Cat Won’t Eat

• Respiratory infection The ability to smell is a trigger for your cat to eat, says McGeorge. If your kitty sneezes, suffers from watery eyes and sounds congested, it probably won’t show enthusiasm for its dinner.



• Nausea If your cat frequently licks its lips, approaches the food dish, then backs away, it’s likely nauseated, says McGeorge. It’s difficult to tell if your cat has eaten something that upset its stomach or if it suffers from liver disease or other illnesses that cause nausea. Your veterinarian might order laboratory tests that will help clear the mystery, says McGeorge.



• Pain or trauma It’s a good idea to examine your cat for wounds or injuries, says Dr. Josie Thompson, a veterinarian who runs a cats-only clinic in Walnut Creek, Calif. The resulting pain or underlying infection could understandably decrease your cat’s hunger.



• Ingestion of foreign objects or poison Plants, string, ribbon and pieces of toys can become obstructions, possibly even poisoning your kitty.



• Age-related issues “Older cats are more at risk due to kidney problems, bowel disorders, heart disease and cancer,” explains Thompson. Older cats might suffer from arthritis, limiting their ability to bend to food bowls located on the ground. As cats age, such dental problems as abscessed teeth and bleeding gums can make eating painful.



• Change in food or location Changing your kitty’s food abruptly can lead to a loss of appetite, says Pam Johnson-Bennett, a Nashville-based cat behaviorist. Moving the location of your kitty’s food dish may also cause problems. For example, cats won’t eat if their dish is too close to their litter box. Your cat will also avoid meals if it feels threatened by another animal in a multi-pet household.



• Household changes The addition of a new pet, the departure of your son or daughter for college, or a move can all affect your cat’s appetite. Pay special attention to your kitty’s food intake during such times of transition.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

The Future of Dog Spaying

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Does Your Cat Need a Psychiatrist?

• Inappropriate elimination In cats, marking territory with urine is often an anxiety-related behavior. If your cat is backing up to a vertical surface in your home and eliminating small amounts, it’s most likely stress related. This is typically a response to other cats on their territory, either inside or outside the home.



• Aggression Genetics play a big role in how social -- or antisocial -- a cat may be. Environment is also a factor, and kittens have a small window for socialization. By the time they’re seven weeks old, they’ve had their most formative social experiences. That means that by the time you’ve taken in a cat, its personality, including how comfortable it feels socially, has already formed. A socially uncomfortable cat is more prone to aggressive behavior toward people and animals.



• Intense fear The term “scaredy cat” evolved because cats can respond with intense fear to a variety of sounds, smells and sights. The coping techniques, such as excessive grooming, that cats develop to soothe themselves can become problematic.

• Excessive restlessness demonstrated by constant tail wagging, pacing and the inability to settle down



• Unusual frequency of vocalization



• Separation anxiety that appears suddenly and lasts for a long time



• Inappropriate elimination or aggression

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Whet Your Dog’s Appetite With Wet Food

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

The Easiest Way to Assess Your Cat’s Health

• Thermometer While you can use a standard glass thermometer, Korich believes a digital one is safer. “If you accidentally drop the thermometer, which can happen when trying to control a squirming cat, it won’t then break and shatter,” she explains. “A digital thermometer is also flexible and will move with your cat.”



• Lubricant It facilitates insertion of the thermometer. Korich suggests three choices that work equally well: mineral oil, KY Jelly and petroleum jelly.



• Alcohol You should have this in your kit anyway, for treating certain wounds. In this case, it will be used to clean off the thermometer.



• Paper towel This is useful during cleanup.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Insurance: Invest in Your Dog’s Health

• Age “Rates do go up with age,” Iannessa says. VPI will not insure dogs 10 years and older. Other companies have similar age policies as well. The good news is that insurers will often cover such aged canines if continuous coverage is maintained prior to the decade mark. “So if you’ve insured your 9-year-old dog and he turns 10, we will continue to honor your pet’s plan,” he explains.

• Species Be aware that dogs tend to cost more than cats, in terms of insurance rates. That could be because they’re often larger, with higher medical expenses. Due to their inquisitive natures, dogs “also seem to get into a lot of mischief,” Iannessa admits. Some providers will additionally consider your dog’s breed before coming up with your rate.

• Plan Pet insurance plans are “kind of like human insurance,” says Jack Stephens, DVM, founder of Pets Best Insurance. He explains that costs depend upon the breadth of the plan. Plans can run between $8 and $50 per month, depending on what’s covered. Basic accident coverage tends to fall toward the lower end, while more complete health and wellness plans can go from around $25 and up.

• State Since the cost of living can vary per state, your location may also come into play when companies set their rates.

• Number of pets Does your house look like the pet version of The Brady Bunch? If so, you could be in luck. Many providers offer a multiple pet discount. At VPI, owners with two insured pets receive 5 percent off their base medical plan. If you have four or more pets, that discount doubles to 10 percent.

• Where you work This one might surprise you, but your job could benefit your pet. Certain companies partner with pet insurance providers so that their employees can receive a more reasonable group rate. Three major employers that have done this are Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurants, Ford Motor Co. and Office Depot.

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Dating Services for Cat Owners

• The Right Breed This Web site features instant messaging, chat rooms, topic forums, streaming video from webcams, and an online magazine about pets and dating. Singles can search for prospective partners by region, age, animals and even by cat breed. The service is free for the first 60 days. After that, it’s $14.99 per month.



• Pet Passions This free online dating and social networking site was started in 2004. It features photo personals, blogging, email, text chat, audio chat and webcam chat. Inside, the site is segmented so that cat lovers can stick with their own kind while fish and horse lovers mingle among themselves.



• Must Love Pets Members use personals, chat, matchmaking services, forums and photo galleries to get to know other cat lovers. You can meet feline fans from around the country or those in your neighborhood. Basic membership, during which you can create a profile and post pictures of you and your pet, is free. If you want to contact other members, you can sign up for a premium membership, which costs a one-time fee of $44.95.



• Date My Pet Members fill out two profiles -- one for themselves and one for their cat(s). The site can be used for romance or friendship. The basic membership is free and allows you to post a profile. The next level of membership costs $15 per month and allows you to initiate contact or a chat with another member.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Breeds at Risk for Swallowing Nonfood Items

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Mixed-breed Cats No Longer Outclassed

• Beauty (20 percent of score): Beauty points are assigned according to the taste of the individual judge. Many judges look for pleasing colors and patterns, grace, and balance. “I look for something a little unusual -- a rare pattern or color. But as they say, it’s in the eye of the beholder,” says Lee.
  
  
• Personality (30 percent of score): A good show cat is alert, friendly and easy to handle. Of course, judges make an allowance for some nervousness, but the cats that immediately buy into it are the best. They are the ones that seem to be thinking, “Oh, here’s a new person to enjoy me.” They have to enjoy showing off.
  
• Condition (50 percent of score): Judges are very attuned to healthy looks. Cats should be groomed as much as is practical for an HHP, and they should have clean ears and no debris in their eyes. Emaciation or overweight can detract from the score, although that’s subjective too.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Is Your “Natural” Dog Food Truly Natural?

• Protein Dogs are classified as either carnivores or omnivores. Either way, they are best fed a diet high in animal protein. Meat and/or poultry sources -- such as chicken, lamb or eggs -- should be listed within the first three ingredients in a natural dog food, says Katy J. Nelson, D.V.M., an emergency veterinarian in Alexandria, Va., who has worked on dog nutrition.


• Byproducts This term has gotten a bad rap. Meat or plant-based byproducts fit the definition of "natural" under the AAFCO regulations. "Good, high-quality pet food byproducts don’t need to be a four letter word," Dr. Nelson says. Organ meat and tissue help provide dogs with needed minerals and amino acids.


• Grains Natural sources of carbohydrates, such as brewer’s rice, whole grain barley and ground whole grain sorghum, can provide energy for a dog’s active lifestyle, Dr. Dicke says.


• Fruits and vegetables Spinach, tomatoes and peas are rich in vitamin E and antioxidants to help your dog build its immunity; apples are a great source of fiber; carrots help keep your dog’s vision healthy.


• No added artificial colors, flavors or preservatives
  "Natural" dog foods should not have synthetic fillers, artificial colors or flavors or man-made preservatives. Natural flavors and colors are okay. Some preservatives are naturally occurring, such as vitamin E and tocopherols (TCP), which are fine to help preserve food.

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Veterinary Education Goes Global

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Support Your Puppy’s Growth With Proper Nutrition

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

Is Your “Natural” Cat Food Truly Natural?

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Treat Training in Seven Steps

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

How Can Cats Play the Piano?

1. Strengthens the cat-owner bond.


2. Increases the cat’s confidence.


3. Provides consistency, which cats crave.


4. Offers the cat entertainment and a challenge.


5. Diverts a cat’s attention away from unwanted behaviors.


6. Enables the cat to tolerate practical and often lifesaving tasks, such as veterinary office visits and necessary grooming.

• Pick the right treat to reward your cat. It has to be a treat that your cat loves, not just likes.


• Offer the treat right after your cat hits a piano key. “There is a learning curve,” she explains. “Your cat has to associate hitting the piano keys with earning a treat.”


• After a piano recital, pick up your cat and give a big hug and kiss. Let your pet know how talented and special it is.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Signs of Illness in Your Dog

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Pet Airways Offers Cats New Travel Option

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Vitamins and Minerals Your Dog Needs

• Vitamins A and E Vitamin A can play a role in weight loss, helping your dog burn fat more efficiently, says Nelson. Vitamins A and E serve as important antioxidants, staving off the aging process and fighting disease. These vitamins also contribute to your dog’s eye and skin health. Liver is a good source of vitamin A, and eggs are a source of both vitamins A and E.

• Vitamin B-12 This vitamin aids in cell growth and development.

• Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D These ingredients help strengthen your dog’s bones and teeth. Animal by-products are good sources, says Nelson. Bone meal includes these building blocks.

• Iron This mineral is essential for healthy blood, helping transport oxygen throughout your pup’s body. High-quality meat and meat by-products are a source, recommends Nelson.

• Potassium This mineral supports heart health. Carbohydrates are good sources of potassium, say the experts.

• Vitamin C Dogs and humans benefit from vitamin C in the same way: It can boost the immune system, promote healing and fight illness.

• Don’t look for deals “The cheapest food off the shelf may contain some of the vitamins and minerals your dog needs but not enough for it to live well,” says Nelson. On the other hand, reputable companies invest in nutritional research, so you’ll be reassured that your dog’s vitamin and mineral requirements are being met.

• Do consult your veterinarian If you have questions about your pal’s dietary needs or the nutritional makeup of a food, ask your veterinarian or veterinary technician; the pet store salesperson may have no training.

• Do your research Stand before a shelf of dog food, and it’s easy to become overwhelmed by the selection, says Nelson. “Research your dog’s food before you go to the store and get swamped by all the packaging,” she says.

• Don’t feed your dog a home-cooked or raw diet It’s a mistake to think your dog should eat raw foods because that’s what your pet’s ancestors ate in the wild. Dog foods are designed to meet your dog’s specific dietary needs for its life stage and lifestyle. Raw and home-cooked diets are unlikely to meet your dog’s needs, and you run the risk of making your family ill, warns Cruz. Salmonella can lurk in raw or undercooked foods. Dogs have hardier intestinal tracts and can often digest and pass the bacteria unharmed, but that puts humans at risk when we scoop their poop, says Cruz.

• Don’t give your dog vitamin supplements If your dog is eating a well-balanced dog food, a supplement isn’t necessary. “Oftentimes, you can overdo it,” says Cruz. For example, adding additional calcium could cause irreversible kidney damage.

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Cat Ownership Keeps the Doctor Away

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Tis’ the Season...for Dog Depression

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Not so Stupid Pet Tricks for Cats

• Keep sessions short Cats have short attention spans, so train in a quiet place each time.
  
  
• Train before meals This is when your cat is most responsive. Be sure to break up treats into smaller bits so your cat doesn’t end up overeating.
  
  
• Be patient Never yell at your cat, or “it will shy away from wanting to participate, no matter how tasty the treat,” reminds Rentola.
  
  
• Time rewards correctly In the seconds it takes to reward a good behavior with a treat, kitty may get distracted. “For all she knows, turning her head is what got her the reward,” says Rentola. Eventually, your cat will respond to your voice alone.

• Repeat often Hold one or two five- to 10-minute sessions at scheduled times every day for two to three weeks.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Exercise With Your Dog to Prevent Obesity

• Dogs lower their owner’s blood pressure.
• Dogs improve our psychological health.
• Dogs encourage us to exercise.

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Celebrate the Season While Helping Cats in Need

• Find homes for homeless cats While making the rounds at holiday parties, spread the word that many shelter animals need good homes. You’ll be part of a growing effort. In 1999, the Helen Woodward Animal Center, a non-profit, no-kill shelter in San Diego County, Calif., teamed up with 14 other local shelters to start the Home 4 the Holidays program. They found homes for 2,563 orphaned pets that year. The program has since grown into the largest pet adoption drive in the world. This year, they hope to facilitate 1.5 million adoptions.

• Organize a feline food drive Encourage your church, school, company or other organization to set up a food drive to help your local shelter. Some, such as CAT, operate food banks for families with pets who are having economic difficulty. "Get a giant box and put it in the lobby or send information in the company newsletter," suggests Tim Crum, of The Philanthropy Team, a fundraising and marketing company for animal shelters.

• Collect pennies for pets Recruit your elementary and middle school students to collect coins to help a local shelter. "Make it a contest between classrooms or between schools," says Crum. He worked with one school in Pittsburgh that raised $2,500 in pennies for the Animal Rescue League a few years ago.

• Bake cookies to help cats While baking holiday cookies, fruitcakes or other delectable treats, make enough to hold a bake sale to raise funds for a shelter. If possible, set up at a local library or in the school cafeteria.

• Buy gift cards for shelters During your holiday shopping outings, don’t forget to pick up a gift card for your local shelter. "If you know a shelter shops at a particular store, get them a gift card or certificate, since they are a business," says Kimberley Intino, a certified animal welfare administrator and the director of shelter services for the Humane Society of the United States. The options include pet stores, office supply stores or discount chains.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Give the Gift of Food and Supplies to Shelters

• High-quality foods Shelters usually appreciate high-quality foods to best meet the nutritional needs of the dogs in their care. “The more recognizable the brand of a food, the better,” says Intino. “These tend to be more expensive, but they also tend to be higher in quality.”

• Dry or canned Most shelters tend to feed their dogs dry food because it is easier, cleaner and doesn’t give off as much odor. But all shelters will also have canned food on hand to supplement feeding, particularly for sick or injured pets, or those with missing teeth or dental problems.

• Watch expiration dates “The longest amount of time before the expiration date, the better,” says Intino. A bag of dry food you just opened and found that your dog doesn’t like may be useful too, so check with your shelter.

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Cat Flu Truths and Myths

• Cats can catch H1N1, aka swine flu This is now fact, thanks to the confirmed Iowa case. It’s reason for caution and concern, but not panic. “The risk of other cats becoming infected appears to be low at this point,” says Dr. Alfonso Torres, former chief veterinary officer of the United States and current associate dean for public policy at Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine.

• People can give cats swine flu Experts believe that people can transmit the H1N1 virus to cats and ferrets. “We’re seeing reverse zoonosis, with the virus jumping from people to animals,” explains Torres. But few such cases have been documented. According to Dr. Kelly M. Wright, director of The Cat Clinic of Orange County in Costa Mesa, Calif., “generally, these types of viruses target different cells in the respiratory tracts of humans and other mammals.” In other words, a virus that can thrive in the respiratory tract of one type of mammal isn’t likely to do so well in another.

• People can give cats other types of flu Experts believe this is likely but uncommon. Nevertheless, it’s better to be safe than sorry. “Avoid direct contact with pets if you have the flu,” advises Michael San Filippo, a spokesperson for the American Veterinary Medical Association. “Keep them off of your bed and be sure to cover up coughs and sneezes. Wash your hands regularly.” He adds, “Pets are members of our families, so exercise the same precautions that you would for other friends and family.”

• Cats can catch other types of animal flu That statement has been true on occasion. A 2006 report from Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine mentioned that cats can contract avian flu -- aka “bird flu” -- and also transmit the virus back to birds. “This helped the virus spread between poultry farms,” says Dr. Wright. It’s also one of the many reasons you should always keep your cat indoors.

• Human flu and cat flu are the same This is a myth, according to Dr. Wright. “The term ‘flu’ is used to describe an influenza virus,” she explains. “But cat upper respiratory viruses are most typically the feline herpes virus (FVH-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV).” She adds, “I think we use the word ‘flu’ descriptively so that owners understand that the symptoms of these conditions can mimic a human flu virus.”

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Sauce up Your Dog's Food and Life

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Top 10 Thanksgiving Tips for Cat Owners

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Prepare Your Dog for Holiday Boarding

• Update vaccinations “Make sure all vaccinations are current at least a week to 10 days before boarding your dog,” says Sherry Boyer, owner of the Dog House Inn in Gilroy, Calif. Dogs occasionally show symptoms of canine cough or bordatella from the vaccine, and a boarding facility won’t be able to tell the difference between shot-related symptoms and the real illness, explains Boyer.

• Check requirements Call the boarding facility to inquire what its vaccination requirements are. Bring proof of the vaccinations with you when you arrive at the facility. Some places also require a clean fecal report as proof that your dog doesn’t have worms.

• Visit your veterinarian Even if a facility doesn’t require a veterinarian’s clearance, it’s a good idea to schedule a checkup for your dog within 30 days of its stay, especially if your dog has chronic ailments or is elderly, says CeCe Campbell, camp ranger at Camp Bow Wow Northglenn in Northglenn, Colo.

• Double-check medication supplies Ensure medication supplies are adequate for the stay and bring the prescription in its original container. “It’s extremely important that if for any reason your dog has a reaction, or another dog ingests the medication, the staff knows exactly what the prescription is as well as the dosage amount,” says Campbell.

• Keep up with flea prevention Almost every facility will require you to treat your dog with a monthly flea preventive. Schedule a treatment just before your dog checks in to the kennel, recommends Greg Martinez, DVM.

• Can your dog eat its usual food? Dogs may have touchy digestive systems, says Dr. Martinez. Your dog will likely fare better if it can follow its usual diet, so when possible, carefully label its food before boarding.

• What treats are given? A facility might serve your dog its usual food but offer unfamiliar treats. Often, treats contain more gluten and byproducts than commercial foods, and some dogs have trouble digesting the goodies, notes Dr. Martinez.

• How will the facility handle health issues? Ask if the kennel has a relationship with a veterinarian or if veterinary technicians are on staff.

• Special needs If your dog is prone to anxiety, aggression or other issues, let the kennel know well in advance. Booking early can ensure that your dog receives the right boarding space, says Campbell.

• Your contact info Share your emergency contact number, along with a local number for someone not traveling with you. Provide contact information for your pet’s veterinarian.

• Any allergies Provide a list of your dog’s potential allergens along with its other known health information.

• Your dog If your dog hasn’t boarded in a while, Boyer and Campbell recommend a half day or so of doggie day care in the facility. Reintroducing your pup to the facility will ease stresses during the actual boarding stay.

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Single-cat to Multi-cat Without Problems

• Day 1 When you bring the new cat home, sneak it into its new room right away. Let it explore its surroundings for a few hours. In the meantime, play with your resident cat, which will smell the new cat on you.

• Day 2-3 Continue to play with the cats separately but exchange the cats’ bedding so they get further acquainted with each other’s smell before meeting.

• Day 4-7 Rotate the cats between the closed-off room and the rest of the house on a daily basis. This way, they’ll rub their own scent all over. Feed the cats and play with them in each area, twice daily (without bringing them in contact with each other yet). This will help to alleviate feline anxiety as they begin to anticipate the routine.

• Week 2 If the cats seem relaxed with each other’s smell, bring out the new cat in a carrier to meet the resident feline. Do this for a few short sessions each day until the cats become relaxed in each other’s presence.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Selecting the Best Kibble for Your Dog

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Declawing Cats: Risky Procedure or Simple Manicure?

1. Onychectomy This is the more traditional surgery, involving standard surgical equipment. Most pet hospitals are capable of performing an onychectomy. It is usually the least expensive declawing option.

2. Laser Declawing According to the HSUS, “a small, intense beam of light cuts through tissue by heating and vaporizing it, meaning there’s less bleeding and a shorter recovery time.” But the laser is simply a replacement for a steel scalpel blade, the HSUS adds.

3. Tenectomy A tenectomy doesn’t remove claws, but it deactivates them by severing the tendons that extend the toes. Since cats cannot properly maintain their claws after the procedure, owners must watch out for ingrown nails and infection.

• Buy or construct two or more scratching posts If your cat has attractive options for maintaining its claws, it should avoid other areas for scratching.

• Consider purchasing a “scratching box” These are inexpensive boxes, often made of sisal or cardboard, which you place on the ground. My cats love them.

• Use double-sided tape products Cats don’t like the sticky feel and will avoid the taped item.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Automatic Dog Eyedrops in the Works

• Pannus, also known as corneal disease, is the problem Gora faced. It causes cells in the cornea to multiply in response to UV light, such as sunlight. The cells become pigmented and scarred, making the tissue look red and meaty. “Owners notice the changes almost immediately, so it’s rare that it progresses enough to cause severe visual impairment,” says Dr. Grozdanic.
• Pigmentary keratitis causes natural pigment to run over the eye, potentially causing blindness. This condition occurs most often in pugs, Boston terriers and other dogs with bulging eyes. It’s thought to be caused by dry eyes and exposure to the elements. “Owners will notice a brownish haze start to grow over the eye,” explains Dr. Grozdanic.
• KCS, or dry eye disease, can result from either skin allergies or an autoimmune response that causes your dog’s immune system to attack its tear glands. In both cases, the lack of lubrication causes irritation -- which your dog may deal with by rubbing -- and scarring. Medicinal eyedrops can generally stimulate moisture production.

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

The Best Protein Sources for Your Cat

• The taste test Although cats are notoriously finicky, most felines find the mild flavor of chicken appealing. Fish, on the other hand, may be a good choice for a cat that hasn’t been eating well, advises Tracy R. Dewhirst, DVM, who writes a pet advice column for the Knoxville News Sentinel. The stronger flavor and aroma of a fish-based cat food may tempt your cat to eat. Lamb isn’t a familiar taste for many cats, so introducing the flavor to your kitty may pique its interest. If you offer your cat a taste test involving one of the three proteins, make sure you dish up wet food at the right temperature. “Most cats prefer a freshly opened can at room temperature,” says Dr. Dewhirst.

• Your cat’s health These protein sources, combined with the amino acid L-carnitine, can help your cat build lean muscle while burning fat to maintain a healthy weight. Fish, such as tuna and salmon, provide omega-3 fatty acids. “If your cat has dry, flaky skin, omega-3s can help,” says Dr. Dewhirst. Omega-3 oils offer a range of additional benefits for your cat, such as fighting inflammation, lessening the effects of arthritis and safeguarding heart health.

• Answer for allergies For cats that develop food allergies, lamb can be a viable protein alternative. “For many cats, it’s a novel protein that the animal has likely never been exposed to,” explains Dr. Dewhirst. Introducing a new protein source, such as lamb, is therefore useful if other proteins trigger allergies.

• Your cat’s appearance If your feline is in good health and consumes a cat food with high-quality chicken, fish or lamb, your kitty should have proper muscle tone, a trim physique, bright eyes, healthy gums and a plush, shiny coat. Practice portion control, as recommended by the food’s manufacturer, to keep your cat’s weight in check.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Kennel Cough Treatment and Prevention

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Special Purr Allows Cats to Manipulate Humans

• Contentment purr This is “the relaxing one,” says Dr. Mason. It’s the common low frequency rumbling we both hear and feel.

• Silent purr Purrs can occur as silent forms that we humans feel but not hear. Kitten purrs are particularly easy to feel, probably because of a kitten’s ability to communicate “all is well” to its natural mother.

• Solicitation purr This is the newly identified purr with the embedded baby-like cry. “It’s amazing the way certain cries are recognized by humans as needy, even by non-cat owners,” says Dr. Mason.

• Pain purr Cats also sometimes purr when they’re extremely ill. No one is certain why, but some experts have speculated the felines are attempting to comfort themselves.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Improve Your Dog’s Appearance With Good Nutrition

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Become a Health Detective for Your Cat

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Size up Your Dog’s Food Needs

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

How Veterinary Formula Cat Foods Work

1. Your veterinarian examines your cat and makes a diagnosis.

1. A medical management plan including one or more of the new foods is established.

1. Your veterinarian monitors how your cat is doing on the prescribed regimen.

1. The proposed therapy concludes when your cat’s condition improves.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Dog Arthritis Cure on the Horizon

• Warning signs Watch for decreased activity and signs of pain. These may be overt (e.g., limping, lameness, whimpering) or subtle, like a typically pleasant dog becoming snippy. Some arthritic dogs may consistently stop doing only specific activities, such as jumping on the bed or into a car.

• Diagnosis If you think your dog has arthritis, schedule a visit with your veterinarian for a comprehensive diagnosis of the problem. Knowing which joints are affected, and how severely, can greatly help determine which treatment options to consider.

• Treatment Dr. Joyce says that while arthritis is forever and can’t be undone, certain medications can alleviate pain and symptoms. Other considerations include alternative treatments like acupuncture and hydrotherapy. Surgical procedures are an option for extreme cases. Most dogs will achieve a higher quality of life with any of these treatments.

• Activity The best way to treat and prevent arthritis is to help your dog stay in good shape. Maintain its weight in the low end of the normal range and keep your pet active just enough to sustain muscle tone and strength. Start with moderate levels of activity -- a brisk walk, limited periods of playing in the park -- and work your way up. Through trial and error with careful monitoring, you can find your dog’s “sweet spot” of exercise for optimal joint health.

• Diet A healthy diet is a big part of staying in shape. Dr. Cook recommends going with name brands that commit to putting science into dog food, offer well-balanced nutrition and are tailored to specific breed sizes. He says that while supplements cannot prevent the disease, they can help alleviate pain. “Pet foods with glucosamine and chondroitin or fish oil can help manage the disease because they reduce inflammation and degradation,” he adds.

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Must-read Books for Cat Owners

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Feed Your Breed Right

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Are Generic Drugs Safe for Cats?

• A generic drug is the same as the brand-name version. It must be bio-equivalent to the original, meaning that the active ingredients are identical. It also has to have the same strength and address the same symptoms. Additionally, generic drugs should be metabolized by the body in a similar way.

• A human drug can be approved for use in pets, providing owners with generic medication options. To market a human drug specifically for cats, a company must file a “new drug” application through the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine. The ingredients and manufacturing process are tested, just as they were during the original testing of the human drug. Dosages may then change to match a cat’s needs.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Doggy 911

1. Assemble or purchase a first-aid kit You’ll find inexpensive dog first-aid kits online or in pet stores, but Somes recommends assembling your own so that you’ll be familiar with its contents. (The Humane Society of the United States Web site offers a list of items.) Keep a kit at home and in your car. Make sure your kit includes some way to stably transport your dog, such as a blanket you can use as a stretcher. Include vital information in the kit. You’ll want to have your veterinarian’s phone number, poison control numbers and the number and address for an emergency veterinary service in your area. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals maintains a poison control hot line at 888-426-4435. (The ASPCA may charge you a $60 consultation fee if you receive assistance through the hot line.)

2. Assess the situation Too often, dog owners react without thinking. “Make sure you have ‘scene safety’,” advises Somes, who calls himself “The Pet Safety Guy.” Don’t rush into the street to check on a dog that has been hit by a car, even if it is your own. Somes tells the story of a dog owner who was almost hit by a car herself as she raced to help her furry friend. “If it’s dangerous or appears dangerous to you, you don’t want to become a victim as well,” says Kevin Cole, who teaches the pet first-aid classes for the Carmel American Red Cross chapter.
   

3. Anticipate your dog’s behavioral changes If your dog is sick or injured, it may snap at you. Read its body language first and approach cautiously. Look for ears laid flat, hair standing up on the haunches or even a glare. Don’t place your face close to your dog’s face to give comfort. Dog first-aid classes teach muzzling techniques using soft fabric, such as a tie or a length of gauze.

4. Secure your dog Restraint accompanies muzzling, says Somes. “The dog can actually make the situation worse by moving,” he says. “A dog will run with a broken limb.” It may take two adults to gently restrain a dog using a towel or blanket.
   

5. Stay calm Dogs note when your heart rate and breathing accelerate or if your voice escalates in pitch, Somes says. If you can’t be calm, have another adult step in.

6. Don’t call 911 It’s often our first reaction in an emergency, but it won’t help with your dog. Unless an animal is endangering people, you’ll get no response.

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Kitten Behavior Essentials

1. Handle your kitten often Wrap one hand around your kitten’s body under its front legs and scoop the back legs with the other hand. Studies show that kittens frequently handled by people are more likely to develop larger brains.
   
2. Teach your kitten to love toys, not hands Drag or throw a toy and let your kitten chase and pounce on it. A small stuffed animal will allow your kitten to wrestle the way it would with littermates instead of grappling with your feet or hands. Conduct at least two 15-minute play sessions a day.
    
3. Introduce your kitten to strangers Teach your kitten not to avoid people by exposing it to others early on. Let your friends play with your kitten, and bring its favorite toys into the session.
   
4. Actively encourage/discourage behaviors Bribe your kitten with treats when it does well. When it nips you, squirt it, away from the eyes, with water mixed with a bit of vinegar. If the play session gets too rough, abruptly end it by walking into the other room and closing the door until your cat relaxes.
5. Avoid physical punishment Flicking or hitting your kitten to reprimand it will only teach your pet to become afraid of your hands.

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Put Your Dog Food to the Test

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

Cat Food for Life

• Neutering Spaying or castrating your cat will influence its daily energy requirement. “The decrease in circulating estrogens or androgens will lower the daily energy requirement of a pet compared to when it is not neutered,” says Korinn Saker, DVM, director of the Nutrition Service at North Carolina State’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Work with your veterinarian to establish the appropriate amount of food to meet your cat’s energy needs -- without going overboard.

• Breed There may be some slight differences based on breed. Larger breeds, such as Maine coons, may be on kitten food a bit longer based on their anticipated adult body frame size. 

• Activity level If your cat continues to be very active and shows no signs of slowing down by age 7, you may want to consult your veterinarian about keeping your pet on adult maintenance food for longer. “I’ve certainly known cats that live until they’re 20 years old,” Dr. Beaver says. “They may not be geriatric until they are 10, but other cats can age more fast.”

• General health Annual checkups for your pet are a must. During those appointments, your vet will draw blood and run tests to detect whether your cat is developing diabetes or other diseases. Your veterinarian may then recommend switching your pet to a senior diet.

• Go slowly Cats seem to be more sensitive to dietary alterations than dogs, particularly if they are ill. Dr. Saker recommends transitioning your cat to a new diet over a 7- to 10-day period.
• Mix new food with old Cats are also notoriously finicky eaters. One way to avoid having your cat reject a new diet is to gradually mix new food with the old until you finish off the old food. This is easier on your cat’s GI system and palate.
• Provide plenty of drinking water Cats typically don’t drink very much, and that can cause problems -- particularly if they’re eating only dry foods.
• Get them used to a mix of foods Dr. Beaver recommends that during kittenhood, you introduce your cat to a mix of different flavored wet and dry foods. This will lessen the likelihood of rejection later on.

The Dog Daily: Total Health

The Health Clues in Your Dog’s Behavior

The Daily Cat: Behavior Basics

Signs of a Stressed-out Cat

• Spot the signs Be observant of changes in your cat’s behavior. Look for body language that exhibits stress. “Anxious cats get a big round-eyed look, with pupils dilated,” says McConnell. Also, note ear position: confident cats’ ears tilt up or are relaxed. If your cat’s ears stand back and lie flat against its head, it is probably stressed and in an aggressive mood.
  
  

• Pay the veterinarian a visit Always take your pet to the doctor first, to rule out medical issues. “Often, stress is related to crystals and urinary tract infections,” says McConnell. University of Edinburgh animal experts, for example, conducted an extensive study on cats and determined that stress may indeed trigger such problems in your cat’s urinary tract. These conditions are usually treatable when diagnosed early.
  
  

• Be patient during change If kitty is having trouble adjusting to a new home, take things slow. “Cats in the wild take a long time to decide where to live and where to hunt,” explains McConnell. “If your cat feels most comfortable under the bed for the first few weeks, it’s OK -- take its food and water there.”
  
  

• Do not force interaction Introduce new pets slowly. Let new human housemates play with your cat while frequently offering food treats. When your cat doesn’t want to play, postpone the session. Never force cats to do anything.
  
  

• Establish a routine It’s always helpful for animals to be able to anticipate things. Stick to a schedule for daily interaction. A few play sessions that your cat expects will help your pet regain control over its life.
  
  

• Offer mental exercise Who said that tricks are only for dogs? McConnell has trained her own cat to high-five, sit up and fetch. Her theory? Give them mental exercise often, and that will divert them from being worried.
  
  

The Dog Daily: Total Health

Top 5 Dog Summer Health Concerns

• Walk or exercise your dog in the early morning or early evening, when it’s cooler out.
  
• Never leave your dog in the car. A car can heat up within several minutes to more than 100 F, causing heatstroke or even death, says Lisa Peterson, communications director of the American Kennel Club.
  
• Don’t shave your dog’s coat during the summer. "A dog’s coat helps insulate them from the heat in the summertime," says Peterson. Without their protective coat, dogs can also get sunburned.

• Find out from your veterinarian what type of anti-flea and tick medication is best for your dog.

• Check your dog for ticks as soon as it comes in from the outdoors, since ticks can cling to its hair. If a tick bites your dog, remove it as soon as possible. (Use a blow dryer on the cool setting to help part the hair, Peterson recommends.)

• Control fleas by vacuuming regularly -- particularly the areas where your dog lies -- to remove any adult fleas or eggs.

• Walk your dog on the grass, Peterson recommends. That way, your pet doesn’t have to deal with the intense heat of the pavement.

• Try doggie booties. Some pet stores sell booties for your dog to wear in winter, but these shoes may also help protect your dog’s paws during the summer.

• Apply a paw balm to your dog’s paws regularly to help keep them moist and prevent cracking, which is painful and can increase the risk of infection.

• If you have a pool, consider using dog-friendly pool chemicals, which are now commercially available.

• Keep a life preserver on hand in case your dog jumps in. Dog life vests are also available.

• Don’t leave your pooch alone when there is an open body of water, as you wouldn’t leave a child in a similar situation. Make sure fresh drinking water is available at all times.

• Keep your dog’s vaccinations against rabies up to date. "It’s likely that your city or county requires your dog to be vaccinated anyway," Peterson says.

• Don’t let your dog roam free and unsupervised, particularly when you are in areas where Rover is more likely to encounter wildlife.

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

Outdoor Enclosures for Cats

• Access How will your kitty move from your house to the enclosure? Will you allow free access, letting your cat come and go at will? "One of the most important considerations for me was that I only had to prop open a window to allow the cats access to the cat run," Moore says. Access should be energy-efficient, safe and easy, advises Dr. Colleran. "A covered cat door is a good choice if it is insulated," she says.
  
  
• Security and protection Test every seam to make sure your enclosure is secured to the ground so that your cat can’t dig its way out, Dr. Colleran cautions. You’ll also want to ensure that your cat has a shady, fully covered space that can offer relief from the sun and weather.
  
  
• Size Your enclosure should be large enough to accommodate the family cats without overcrowding, which can lead to behavior problems. Each cat should have enough room to claim its own space and walk comfortably in and out of the enclosure.
  
  
• Cleanliness Use materials that you can easily clean, and practice flea control in areas that contact the soil. Regular cleaning will help protect your kitty’s health and avoid the buildup of unpleasant odors.
  
  
• Enrichment Vertical climbing and perches make an enclosure more interesting for your cat, says Dr. Colleran. Moore suggests providing separate areas for watching backyard activity and quietly snoozing.
  
  
• Neighborliness Consider both what you want to view in your backyard and what others may be able to see, says Kischer. Put your enclosure in a place where it isn’t publicly visible -- that’s a plus for your cats and your neighbors.
  
  

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Food Allergies Can Dog Canines Too

• Food intolerance The most common problem is food intolerance, or food sensitivity, which means your dog isn’t digesting a particular type of food well. Food intolerance is a non-immunologic response that can trigger such symptoms as gassiness, vomiting, diarrhea and borborygmus -- also known as stomach growling -- according to Korrin Saker, DMV, associate professor of clinical nutrition at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

• Food allergy More immediate reactions from a dog’s immune system to an offending food are food allergies. Symptoms may include intestinal distress but typically will also involve itching around the muzzle, ears, paws and sometimes around the anus. The reason itchiness occurs in these places is probably because canines have more mast cells -- which contain histamines and play a key role in the inflammatory process -- in these locations.

• Rule out other ailments The first cause of attack is to make sure that the problems aren’t being caused by something else. An intestinal parasite, for example, can cause similar symptoms. Dogs may also scratch themselves so much that they develop secondary infections. Itchiness can additionally develop as a result of allergies to environmental factors, including mold spores, pollens and cleaners, says Joseph Wakshlag, DVM, professor of clinical nutrition at Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine.

• Elimination diet Once other ailments are ruled out, veterinarians will ask you to chronicle your dog’s food history. Since common proteins like chicken and beef are frequent sources of food allergies, veterinarians will often advise that you look for foods with a “novel protein source” -- something they don’t normally eat.

• Hypoallergenic foods An assortment of commercial foods is now made for dogs with food allergies. Veterinarians advise that you look for foods with one source of protein and one source of carbohydrates -- both of which should be “novel” for your pet. Kangaroo meat is one such “novel” protein, while potatoes or oats are examples of “novel” carbohydrates. In addition, a balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation and itching.

• Medicines Lastly, there is a series of medicines that can help your dog deal with food allergies. Dogs can be given allergy shots to help build up tolerance to a food, Dr. Wakshlag says. In addition, small doses of steroids can be used to make the itchiness more tolerable for your dog. There are also immune suppressive therapies, such as cyclosporine, that can help in treatment.

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Choosing a Veterinarian

The Dog Daily: Total Health

How Dog Germs Spread

1. Wash your hands Hand washing is the most important thing we can do to minimize the spread of any bacterial infection. It seems pretty basic, right? However, it’s a matter of remembering to do so at the right times and in the right manner. Wash your hands after petting sessions with your pup, as well as before and after handling your dog’s food. Too many of us tend to give a quick wash of the palms. “My favorite is good ol’ soap and water and a good 10-second scrub,” Dr. Stenske says. Don’t forget to wash the tops of your hands and your nails, then dry very well.
   
   
2. Avoid face licking Experts still advise against that exuberant, sandpaper-rough face licking dogs occasionally deliver. “I don’t encourage it in my dog, and I always try to wash my face afterward,” says Dr. Peter Rabinowitz, MD, MPH, assistant professor of medicine at the Yale University School of Medicine. Young people, the elderly or the immunocompromised can be more at risk for obtaining an illness from a face-licking pup.
   
   Young puppies and sick dogs are more likely to acquire germs from you in this manner as well. For instance, human noses can carry the germs for certain bacterial infections and may pass them along to our dogs. The young are at risk because their immune systems aren’t fully developed. The elderly and the ill might have weakened immune systems.
   
   
3. Maintain your dog’s hygiene Give your dog regular baths to help minimize the spread of germs. Keeping your dog free of ticks and fleas further plays a role in ensuring your pal’s health and your own.
   
   

4. Maintain your dog’s good health Regular veterinarian visits, updated shots, and deworming when necessary, are all very important.
   
   
5. Feed smartly Avoid sharing food with your pup and don’t allow it to hunt; feed on garbage; or eat raw or undercooked meat, milk or eggs. In addition, feed your dog inside. Food fed outdoors can attract wildlife, increasing your dog’s risk for rabies or other diseases that can be spread by wild critters.
   
   
6. Scoop the poop safely Cleaning up is one part of dog ownership no one relishes, but being fastidious about how you clean up your dog’s waste is critical, say the experts. After all, E. coli is spread through contact with contaminated feces, or by contact with something the contaminated waste has touched. Use a scooper and gloves, making sure to wash your hands afterward. Be sure to also clean your dog’s fur if your pal happens to mess his coat a bit.
   
   

The Daily Cat: Nutrition Now

"Natural" Cat Food Explained

• Natural proteins, vegetables, grains and fruits

• Familiar ingredients, like Atlantic salmon, chicken, apple, carrots, peas, spinach, tomato, rosemary, rice, barley and egg

• Natural preservatives, usually mixed tocopherols

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

"Natural" Dog Food Explained

• Remember that “natural” is not the same as “complete and balanced.” Make sure any pet food you select has conducted AAFCO-endorsed feeding trials or satisfied AAFCO’s dog food nutrient profiles.

• When choosing a food, give your furry friend’s health issues top priority. “You can find natural foods that also address some common health problems like weight and joint trouble, but you may have to look a little harder,” says Dr. Nelson.  

• Talk to your veterinarian before choosing any diet for your dog. “Don’t rely on the 16-year-old stock boy to help you decide what your dog should eat,” advises Dr. Nelson.

• Don’t make a good deal your top priority. “The most expensive brands are not necessarily the best, but quality of ingredients -- natural or otherwise -- does tend to increase with price,” concludes Dr. Nelson.

The Daily Cat: Whole Health

Top 5 Summer Cat Health Concerns

The Dog Daily: Nutritious Dish

Is It a Good Batch or a Bad Batch?

• Nutritional consistency Your dog will always receive the same level of nutrition.
  
• Flavor constancy The odor, taste and appearance of the food remains the same.
  
• Value With a fixed-formula dog food, you get what you pay for instead of hidden fillers that may offer little nutrition to your pet.
  
• Trust When a manufacturer adheres to a fixed-formula policy, you can trust that the company values your pet’s health and safety, even over monetary considerations. So when the economy takes a nosedive, you don’t have to worry about what you’re feeding your canine friend.

The Daily Cat: Blissful Cat

How to Leash Train Your Cat

1. Exercise patience It can take a couple of weeks for your cat to grow accustomed to walking with a leash, says Pam Johnson-Bennett, a Nashville, Tenn., cat behavior specialist. The most important thing is to go at the cat’s pace. Rushing the process will be stressful for everyone. Eckstein notes that he has seen a few cats take as long as five to six months to learn to walk on a leash.
   

2. Buy a harness or a walking jacket Experts don’t recommend using a traditional kitty collar. Your cat could easily slip free from the collar or catch the collar on objects outside. Look for a figure-8 or H-shaped harness, or a walking jacket. Introduce your cat slowly to the harness or jacket. You can place the new equipment in a conspicuous place, letting your cat sniff away. Sit the harness next to a kitty’s favorite food or on your lap, where the cat is accustomed to receiving pats and affection. Rub a washcloth over your cat, then rub the cloth on the harness so the harness smells like your feline.

3. Use positive reinforcement Treats, praise, petting and clicker training -- when your kitty associates the sound of the clicker with a treat -- are all useful tools. After your cat is used to the sight and smell of the harness, it’s time to try the harness on. “Keep your cat distracted with reinforcement to help it associate the harness with good experiences,” says Michels. “You might put the harness on before each meal. Soon, your cat will be dying to get that harness on!”
   

4. Practice indoors Once your feline has adjusted to the harness, attach the leash for short periods. Let your cat roam briefly indoors, dragging the leash. Gradually begin picking up the leash but let your cat guide you.

5. Introduce the outdoors Simply sitting on your front porch with your cat wearing its harness and leash is a good first step. Stay close to home at first. Johnson-Bennett always carries a towel in order to scoop the cat up in case it suddenly panics.
   

6. Think like a cat Don’t demand the sort of point A to point B routes you see dog owners walking. Your cat might decide to lie down, bask in the sun, sniff around a bit and explore. If you want to teach your cat to walk a route, wait until your cat is hungry and have treats set along the route. At first, you’ll have to show your cat where the treats are, but eventually it should go from spot to spot as routine practice.